Electric Hydrofoil Kayak

This project successfully modifies a kayak to stabilize above the surface of the water after accelerating to a constant speed. This remote-controlled prototype utilizes an aluminum framework to attach support struts that connect the rear wing underneath the kayak. All components in contact with water are sealed and modified to accommodate electronic components. The position of the rear wing is adjustable along the aluminum frame for testing purposes, and the canard is mechanically self-adjusting depending on relative distance of kayak main body from the surface of the water. This prototype mechanism consists of a ~90 degree joint between single struts that connects the canard to a modified kickboard whose angle of attack can be easily adjusted. At rest, the canard is forced into an angle of attack of approximately 30 degrees by the kickboard. Thus, the most lift is provided at the moment the kayak begins its acceleration. This helps the system get an initial distance over the surface of the water, as evidenced by tests conducted early December, 2024 and motivated by initial lift calculations and airfoil lift/drag simulations. As the kayak gains leverage, the kickboard is forced downwards, pushing the canard rod back, which in turn decreases the angle of attack of the canard until a neutral one has been established (at which point the kayak will glide at a constant height above the surface of the water).

The rear wing is permanently configured at 5 degrees, a criteria set before construction by initial lift calculations. A thruster, held by steel and carbon-fiber supports throughout the rear wing, is also kept at a slight positive angle to facilitate initial lift gains. For safety, the entire system must be activated by a key, wired such that neither the thruster nor the servo will receive power until the key start activates.

Used RC transmitter and receiver to rotate thruster (18-25 kg thrust) with servo attached to rear wing for steering, avoiding the need for ailerons or a rudder. Electronics run through hollowed aluminum channels though rear wing and support struts, and connect the thruster to the ESC. High risk areas surrounding the thruster and strut-wing joints were sealed with epoxy and filled with steel-reinforced hardening putty. Additional support throughout 3D printed rear wing provided by internal carbon fiber rods. Aerodynamic teardrop shell segments 3D printed to fit over all supports. Front canard stabilized by buoy attachment and counteracts rear pitching moment. Electronic components powered by 48V LiFePO4 battery within main body.